26. October 2016
Compact Encoding of Routing Prefixes
How many bits of information are contained in a routing prefix? When printed, a routing prefix commonly looks like an IP address followed by a slash and then a prefix length: 192.0.2.0/24 or 2001:db8::/32. That should mean a minimum of 32 + ceiling(log2(32 + 1)) = 38 bits for an IPv4 prefix and 128 + ceiling(log2(128 + 1)) = 136 bits for IPv6. However, it is possible to encode a prefix in just one extra bit (for a total of 33 or 129 bits).